News

Glad to see many old and new customers to visit our booth in China Cycle 2023 fair. We exchange many market and business things and learn a lot.

SCALABLE QUICK CHARGERS Superpower lithium 1260W chargers for home or office use, the scalable [Quick Charger" system can more than double charging speeds (dramatically reducing charging times) for Electric motorcycle. The system uses stand-alone (off-board)1260W chargers that work in conjunction with the motorcycle`s standard (on-board) charger. Item No Nominal voltage Output Voltage Max. output current SPC-294400 24V 25.2~29.4V 40A SPC-588200 48V 54.6~58.8V 20A SPC-730170 60V 67.2~73V 17A SPC-876150 72V 84~87.6V 15A Reliability The housing is constructed using an aluminium alloy shell with a built-in heat sink module. Highly reliable product engineering and proven over many years in the industry, the charger can be adapted to harsh operating environments. Safety The use of new technologies such as active PFC and LLC; reliable hardware protection and voltage and current self-test protection; perfect charging strategy to ensure a highly safe and reliable charging process. Smart Support RS485 and CAN, customize communication protocols to meet the customer's charging needs for various occasions. Dimensions Weight & Temperature Net weight: about 2.5 kg Operating temperature:-20℃-40℃ Storage temperature:-20℃-85℃

What a week! 3 days full of new opportunities to digitalize the #New energy non stop. B2B days at The 20th China International Motorcycle Trade Exhibition in Chongqing just ended. Thanks to our of our customers and new friends for visiting! We learnt a lot and let's look to the future.

The 20th China International Motorcycle Trade Exhibition is coming! Happy to come back to "normal", where we can meet at our booth in Booth 3T33 with all our potential partners. ➡️➡️Come and test our chargers. ➡️We will be here from 2nd Nov-5th Nov 2022, so come around when available.

Glad to share our Superpower's Shenzhen branch is finished moving to Huizhou now. For now, our lithium battery charger division is together with the BMS division. Let's look to the future together.

Electric bikes are becoming more and more popular, as people look for ways to commute that are environmentally friendly and efficient. One easy way we can all contribute to combating climate change and minimize our overall carbon footprint is to stop using only cars in order to get around. Electric bike transportation modes are bringing alternative ways to navigate short distances, and with 55% of all trips being under five miles in the U.S, the opportunity for disruption is huge. If just Americans replaced 50% of their short-distance car trips with e-bikes, we would save 273K metric tons of CO2 every day, which is equivalent to the carbon sequestered by 4.5 million tree seedlings grown for 10 years. Electric bikes (or e-bikes) are bicycles that are powered by batteries and can reach speeds of up to 20 miles per hour. E-bikes are a great option for those who want to ride a bike but don`t want to deal with the hassle of pedalling uphill.

What a week! 3 days full of new opportunities to digitalize the #New energy non stop. B2B days at world battery industry expo in Guangzhou just ended. Thanks to our best-in-class customers for visiting and we also meet lots of new friends here! The market feedback was amazing on every one of them.

World Battery Industry EXPO 2022 is here! Happy to come back to "normal", where we can meet at our booth in Booth D501 with all our potential partners. ➡️➡️Come and test our chargers. ➡️We will be here from 9th Aug-11th Aug 2022, so come around when available.

We're very pleased to welcome Professor Shi to our Superpower team as our Instructor of industry-university-research cooperation, expert in the development of photovoltaic power supply and energy storage inverter integrated device Professor Shi from South China University of Technology, is now a tutor for doctoral and master students, and has guided more than 40 master students and 3 doctoral students so far. He has long been engaged in teaching and scientific research in the fields of numerical control and robot control technology; big data analysis and predictive control technology; computer remote monitoring and intelligent control devices, automatic electrical control systems for underground space equipment, and automatic control systems for ships and marine engineering equipment. The main research directions are: (1) technology; (3) embedded system and intelligent control strategy; (4) big data and accident prediction system based on deep learning . Let`s hope Superpower become better and better.

As lead-acid battery chargers are generally set to two-stage or three-stage charging mode, the voltage levels of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries are not matched. And there are also many kinds of lithium batteries, and the battery performance and battery protection plate parameters may be different. Therefore, lithium batteries do not have universal battery chargers like lead-acid batteries. Generally speaking, lithium batteries are shipped with a special charger. In order to protect lithium batteries, a special charger is required. The difference between lithium battery charger and lead-acid charger At present, the chargers for electric vehicles in the market are mainly of the switching power supply type, which have the advantages of power saving, small size, light weight and mature technology. Only the lead-acid battery freight tricycle, but also use the frequency transformer type charger, simple, reliable, cheap, low requirements for the use of the environment. Switching power supply type charger is essentially a can be called a regulated power supply. Specific fork points to pulse-width modulation chip TIA94 as the core of the half-bridge type and pulse-width modulation chip UC3842 as the core of the flyback type two types. The latter occupies more than 90% of the market because of the advantages of low cost, cycle-by-cycle protection. The specific circuit that follows is a specific analysis of these two types of typical circuits. 1, lead-acid charger three-stage charger Nearly a century, the classic ordinary lead-acid charger for 0.1C charge J2-14 hours, very beneficial to the battery. Nowadays, people's life and work pace is accelerated, the electric car charger changed to 0.15C-0.2C charge 6-8 hours. The so-called three stages refers to constant current, constant voltage, eddy current. Light-emitting diode is red means in constant current or constant voltage stage, becomes green means in trickle stage. Usually, turn green and then charge for several hours before the battery is really full. (1) three important parameters of the three-stage charger A. High constant voltage is a single cell hydrogen analysis voltage of 2.42V multiplied by the number of single cells of the battery pack, 36V charger is 2.42Vx18 cells ≈ 43.56V, 48V charger is 242Vx24 cells ≈ 58.08V. This voltage is slightly higher is possible, in favor of a long constant current time, shorten the charging time: low will extend the time of the electric oil eaten. Three-stage charger is essentially a regulated power supply with two output voltage values, this letter is that high output value. B, low constant voltage value for a single cell analysis chlorine voltage 2.35V multiplied by the number of single cells of the battery pack, 36V charger for 2.35VX18 cells = 423V, 48V charger for 2.35Vx24 cells = 56.4V. This voltage requirement is strict, higher than this value will cause the electric oil loss of water: low battery can only eat 80% or 90% full. This value is the output value of that low voltage regulator. C. Turning current (also turn light current). Charger has a real-time internal charging current detector, and a predetermined so-called "turning current" Value for comparison, used to control the output value of the regulated power supply high or low: the charging current is greater than the value, and the output value of the regulated power supply low. If the charging current is greater than this value, the control circuit is automatically switched to a high constant voltage output value and a red light is set to indicate that the charging current is less than the turning current value and is switched to a low constant voltage output value and a green light is set. The setting of the turning current value is related to the number of hours of lead-acid batteries, the empirical value of about IOAh is about 350mA for the electric oil, about 17Ah is about 500 - 550mA for the battery, and so on. This value requirement is also strict, set a large dry empirical value, the battery should not be filled, but the electric oil sufficient time will be extended; set the value is less than the empirical value, the electric oil is easy to be charged bad deformation in summer. It is recommended that when adjusting the charger, large dry 50mA is appropriate. Remember: it is possible to charge 10Ah battery with 20Ah charger. The other way around, it is not possible to charge a 20Ah battery with an IOAh charger! Regarding the measurement of the three parameters, special instruments are required. Only with a digital multimeter can test the low constant voltage value, not connected to the battery (no load), with a multimeter DC voltage 200V block tour charger output value, read the value that the low constant voltage value. High constant voltage value generally can not be measured, to be connected to the battery charging situation, before the red light turns green a moment, with a multimeter DC voltage block can be measured. Also need to add the negative temperature coefficient of lead-acid batteries related to the same issue. For every 1℃ rise in temperature, the terminal voltage per cell drops by 4mV. 24 cells of a 48V car, assuming a 10℃ rise in summer, the total terminal voltage drops by an approximate 1V. If the charger output remains at the aforementioned regulated value, the battery may experience thermal runaway and water loss. The ideal charger boulder should have temperature compensation, the fact is that the vast majority do not. Readers with hands-on skills can adjust the voltage lower in the summer and higher in the winter. The simplest way is to connect 1 to 2 6A10 diodes in series with the positive side of the output of the charger in the summer, and resume the original state in winter. 2.Lithium battery charger Li-ion battery plate acceptance capacity is higher than lead-acid batteries, with IC current charging is also possible, may be the cost and reliability constraints, most of the chargers currently supporting with 48V hammer turtle moving car for 2A, only 36V lithium electric car charger supporting 5A. With 10Ah battery calculation, 5A is just 0.5c. Lithium electric car users charging and lithium into when charging is much simpler, is a constant current limit voltage charge. The voltage limit value = single-center voltage limit value x the number of series connection of electric core. To now common 48V car with lithium tweeze-acid electric tunnels, or ternary electric core of 14 strings mostly, their voltage limit for 4.2Vx14 = 58.8V; 48V car with iron phosphate hammer electric core of 16 strings mostly, the voltage limit for 3.65VX16 = 58.4V. Early 36V car using drill acid fade electric core or lithium manganate electric core of 10 strings mostly, their sleep voltage for 42Vx10 = 42V. Lithium charger also has the same internal charging current detection and comparison circuit, the charging indicator can also be from red to green. Lithium battery chargers and lead-acid three-stage chargers have one major difference. When the charging current is greater than the set value, only the charging indicator turns red, without changing the output voltage; when the charging current is less than the set value, the charging indicator turns green, without changing the output voltage. This means that there is one voltage before and after the light turn, i.e. the voltage limit value calculated earlier. Therefore, the current setting value should be called "light current" is more accurate, about 0.02 C. Several manufacturers of lithium chargers tested, 10Ah lithium battery pack light current of about 240mA a 260mA. green light after continuing to charge for a period of time, the charging current will be close to zero. And lead-acid battery red to green light, because the high constant voltage to low constant voltage, charging current will soon approach zero. Summary: Lead-acid batteries are limited by the ability to accept the pole plate, the charging current is limited to 0.15C or less is reasonable, taking into account the shortening of the charging time.

As the temperature gradually decreases, the pace of people's lives is significantly slower than in summer, and EV owners have a deeper understanding that the range in winter is significantly shorter and the charging time is longer. Why does the range of electric vehicles decrease in the cold winter? The electric car on the market is mostly lithium battery energy storage. The lithium battery principle is a "rocking chair" electrochemical energy storage process. The lower the temperature, the worse the activity of the lithium battery, which directly leads to a significant reduction in charging and discharging efficiency, in general, the working temperature of lithium batteries is between -20 ℃ and 60 ℃. In winter, how to maintain the lithium battery and reduce the degree of damage to the lithium battery in winter. 1.Do not use lithium battery in low temperature environment When the temperature is lower than -20℃, the battery may automatically enter the hibernation state, which is harmful during use. 2.Charge as you go When the battery is too low, charge it in time and charge it as you go. 3.Do not charge for a long time Fast wheel system products, charging time is 1.5 ~ 3h, full that pull. When charging, do not leave to prevent unexpected situations. 4.Use regular charger Use of poor quality chargers, lithium batteries will be damaged, and may even cause a fire. If you need to replace the charger, please buy a regular charger on the regular channels to protect the quality of charging. How to choose the right lithium battery charger? The importance of the lithium battery in the electric car is beyond doubt, then the charger is also particularly important, the charger performance is good or bad, will directly affect the service life of the lithium battery. 1, confirm the voltage of the electric car battery If the battery voltage is 48V, the output voltage of the corresponding lithium battery charger is 59V; if the battery voltage is 60V, the output voltage of the corresponding lithium battery charger is 73.5V. and so on. 2.Confirm the battery capacity of the electric car battery (AH) If the battery is 12AH, the output current of the chosen charger is 18A; if the battery is 20AH, the output current of the chosen charger is 26 to 30A. The output current of the chosen charger is slightly larger than the battery capacity. 3.Confirm the electric car charger interface shape - positive and negative pole There are generally four types of interface types on the market, T-shaped pin head, medium horizontal pin head, three vertical pin head, round head. Superpower produces electric motor lithium battery charging connector with torsion spring jack structure through independent research and design to ensure product quality. The connector contact parts are silver-plated copper material with low impedance and excellent conductivity. In the process of use, the contact surface residual corrosion layer off due to the plugging process can minimize the generation of electrical isolation. Unique shape, frosted surface, outstanding texture.

In recent years, the development of domestic new energy electric vehicles can be described as rapid, not only a large number of car manufacturers to produce, many new brands are also recognized by the country; two-wheeled, electric bicycles can be said to be people's travel tools, but the positioning is also relatively pro-people, of course, some years ago, the entry of the calf a pull up the grade of electric bicycles; now many motorcycle manufacturers are planning or launch their own brand of high-end electric motorcycle, to understand the Will you get your hands on one? A, Harley-Davidson's electric motorcycle brand LiveWire launched models. The first: LiveWire One, LiveWire One's starting price is 142,400 yuan, battery use DC fast charger will LiveWire One from empty to fully charged in just 60 minutes. liveWire said, using the same DC charger only 45 minutes can be charged from 0% to 80%. In addition to fast charging, other key features include a six-axis inertial measurement unit, as well as auxiliary traction control and ABS. The second model: the S2 Del Ma, the S2 Del Mar has a maximum output of 80 horsepower and weighs no more than 440 pounds, with a zero-hundred acceleration time of just 3.5 seconds. The bike also features a 21700 battery with a city range of about 160km, offers four different riding modes, and supports OTA upgrades. The standard version is priced at $15,000 (about RMB 102,000). The first version is priced at $17,699 (about 120,000 RMB) Second, BMW CE04 ,its pre-sale price of $146,000; equipped with BMW water-cooled motor, ASC stability control system, DTC dynamic tracking system. And set up three power modes to choose. Three, Triumph (parameterspictures) TE-1, recently, Triumph announced that the high-performance electric motorcycle TE-1 will be announced on July 12. TE-1 electric motorcycle is, Triumph and the University of Warwick Williams Advanced Engineering, Integral Powertrain Ltd and WMG collaborative development, the vehicle is equipped with 15kWh battery, 130kw (180hp) maximum power, a motor weight of only 10kg, integrated energy recovery and traction control systems, silicon carbide switching technology and an integrated cooling system, and a battery that can be charged to 80% in 20 minutes using fast charging. Gates belt drive system, Ohlins inverted fork, Ohlins rear shock, Brembo M50 monoblock calipers and so on. Fourth, KTM "Electric Duke" KTM E-DUKE, E-Duke is comparable to the entry-level 125 Duke. It is equipped with a 5.5kWh battery pack, a 10 kW (13.4 hp) motor and an unannounced range that is expected to exceed about 100 km. E-RT3 is a luxury intelligent high-performance electric scooter, which is a new energy brand of Zongshen, "Senlan", E-RT3 safety features front and rear disc brakes with Bosch ABS as standard, front brake with four pistons and floating disc, rear dual-piston calipers In terms of power, the E-RT3 is powered by an 8000w mid-mounted motor, which is equivalent to a 300cc engine in a fuel car, with a maximum power of 17kw and belt drive, reaching a top speed of 120km/h, with an acceleration time of 2.6s for 0-50km/h and 8.9s for 0-100km/h, equivalent to the acceleration level of mainstream 350-400 grade fuel pedals. The battery is 72V96Ah high-energy lithium battery, the working range can reach 220km, and it only takes 3-4h to fill up with portable fast charging. Sixth, Chunfeng ZEEHO Extreme Core AE8, released the first electric motorcycle AE8, a total of AE8, AE8 S+ two configurations, priced at 17,999 yuan and 21,699 yuan respectively. The official claim is that the AE8's performance surpasses that of 300cc class fuel scooters. From the data, the mid-mounted water-cooled motor has a peak power of 12.5kW, an on-wheel torque of 218N-m, a 0-50km/h acceleration time of 2.6s, and a top speed of 100km/h+. The AE8 is equipped with a 69V32Ah dual lithium battery pack, which is replaceable and fast-charging, and has a NEDC range of 120km. Gwangyang S7, market price 35,999 yuan. The vehicle is positioned as a small urban mobility gun, which is equipped with a 7.2KW mid-mounted air-cooled motor with a maximum torque of 215Nm, a maximum speed of 100km/h and a 0-50km/h driving time of only 3.7 seconds, equipped with two groups of ternary lithium batteries with a total capacity of 115V68Ah and a maximum range of 150km at high speed. Electric motorcycle in the configuration and performance is not at all ordinary electric bicycle can be compared, natural driving also need the corresponding driver's license and licensing, in the future I think and electric cars, electric motorcycle is also a big choice for motorcycle enthusiasts, you think?

The electric motorcycle revolution hasn't evolved as quickly as the automotive sector, and for years we've been expecting plug-in electric motorcycles to make a major breakthrough in the mainstream, but it hasn't been to be, in the case of the now-defunct Alta Motors. While niche brands like Zero are making great strides, Harley-Davidson's bold investment with its LiveWire hasn't yielded the desired results. For motorcycle enthusiasts looking to achieve zero-carbon riding, realistic options are still very limited. This year's EICMA show in Milan saw the promise of what's to come, with an increase in the number of electric motorcycles coming to market in 2023, and here are five electric motorcycles, some of the standout models introduced at the 2022 EICMA motorcycle show. Kwang Yang KYMCO RevoNEX Although production is not scheduled to begin until 2021, the Kymco RevoNEX shows that this electric sportbike concept is more than just a concept bike. Although production of Kwang Yang's RevoNEX will not begin until 2021, the concept bike on display at EICMA 2022 is very close to the final product. The RevoNEX on display is a typical street bike style that looks like it just rolled off the line. with a top speed of 204km/h, the RevoNEX is a little ahead of the Zero standard SR / F. In terms of acceleration the RevoNEX will reach 100km/h in 3.9 seconds and a top speed of 204km/h in 11.8 seconds. Kymco has also equipped the RevoNEX with a six-speed manual gearbox and clutch to improve performance and enhance rider engagement. That is, you can choose to simply put it in second gear and keep it clutchless from 0-120km/h, or you can choose to use it as if you were operating a fuel locomotive. The lack of sound is a major drawback of electric motorcycles, and here Kwang Yang offers the RevoNEX with an "Active Acoustic Motor" (AAM) that brings a unique motor sound to meet your needs. Combining the resonant sound of the AAM with the mechanical sound of the gearbox, the RevoNEX note has depth and complexity," says KYMCO. It communicates the load condition of the motor in order to give the rider a better understanding of how the motor is running." With a traditional high-spec chassis, alloy beam frame and Ohlins suspension connected to Brembo brakes, the RevoNEX is definitely disruptive if the final price and range and charging time are satisfactory. Verge TS With a crazy hubless drive system built into the rear wheel, the Verge TS is also the most sci-fi production electric motorcycle at this year's Milan Motor Show. The Verge is priced at $27,665 (€24,990) and deliveries are expected to begin in 2020. The specs of this sci-fi electric motorcycle include a 107hp electric motor that uses the rear rim as an essential component and has a staggering 737 lb-ft (1,000Nm) of torque, a jaw-dropping torque performance that makes any torque guru seem inadequate in front of it. But in reality the car is probably roughly on par with the 110 hp Zero SR / F, but with a better range - the Verge has a range of 124 miles on the highway and 186 miles on city roads, compared to 161 and 99 miles for the SR / F respectively. The DC fast charger means it should be able to be fully charged relatively quickly, although the manufacturer has yet to announce a specific charging time. Similarly, the bike's dimensions and chassis specifications have still not been released. We can clearly see that the suspension is from Orlins, while the brakes are Brembo. The Verge TS was shown back in February as an early version of this electric motorcycle, then known as the RMK E2, with much lower performance, 236 lb-ft of peak torque and a maximum power of 67 hp. At the time, the company said the E2 weighed about 200 kg, so the Verge TS could weigh in at around 200 kg. Of course this car is not likely to enter the country, the price abroad is already very expensive, it is destined to be only a small group of people's plaything. Cake sa In the face of electric motorcycles, the Swedish company Cake has taken a very different approach, developing a bicycle-based electric motorcycle. After the considerable success of its first model, the Kalk (which sits between a motocross bike and a mountain bike), the company has further expanded its product lineup with the 2020 product sa. Cakesa differentiates itself in the electric motorcycle segment by adding the Ubco 2x2 with a modular utility-based approach. sa+ features a top speed of 100km/h and a range of 100km. sa is affordable and inexpensive, starting at $4,500 for the entry-level Lite version (without battery). The higher-performance sa+ costs $6,500 (without battery) but doubles the performance. 1.5kWh battery plus $2,000, or 2.5kWh battery plus $3,000. Both models have motors capable of 10kW (13.4 bhp) peak output, but the sa+ is capable of 7kW (9.4 bhp) continuous output, while the saLite only produces 4kW (5.4 bhp) continuous output. On the go, this means that the sa+ can reach speeds of 100km/h, while the Lite can only reach 50km/h. The sa is a lightweight machine, weighing only 65kg (excluding the battery) the battery weighs 12kg. Aside from its appearance, what really sets the sa apart from its competitors is that it is designed to double as a self-propelled power pack. cake describes it as a workbench and power station with wheels, useful for people who need to be away from power. Electronic devices can be plugged directly into the bike's built-in 5 or 12 volt DC output, or an optional converter can be specified that can provide 110V or 220V AC output through a US or European outlet. Vins EV-01 While some electric motorcycle manufacturers can preach that new energy sources protect nature and the environment, Modena, Italy-based Vins makes no mention whatsoever of saving dolphins or cleaning up the environment. That may be because the company's products, the Duecinquanta Competizione and Duecinquanta Strada, are the only two-stroke sportbikes in the world. Those 250cc, 75 bhp V-twin machines from Vins, founded by a former Ferrari engineer, will go on sale in 2020, but the EV-01 shows where the company is headed in the future. Hailing from Modena, Italy's home of supercars, the Vins EV-01 features a carbon fiber frame, rear swingarm and front fork. instead of starting from scratch, Vins went straight to the experts and borrowed the motor and battery from Zero. This means the EV-01 has the same, 14kWh battery and 70 hp motor as Zero's SR, with the ability to install a higher-powered 110 hp Zero SR/F motor later. While Zero has put a lot of effort into making its electric motorcycle affordable, Vins has no such limitations, and means the model will be insane in terms of price. the EV-01 has a carbon fiber hardshell frame, similar to the design used on the company's Duecinquanta. The front arm is also carbon fiber, as is the front fork, which was inspired by the Britten V1000's beam design. With all this carbon fiber, the EV-01 avoids the common problem of overweight electric motorcycles, and the company claims the whole bike weighs less than 170kg, which sounds great if you find the road-going version of the two-stroke V-twin "Strada" at just 105kg. If you find the road version of the two-stroke V-twin "Strada" at 105kg and the "Competizione" at 103kg, you'll see how crazy Vins is. Given Vins' agreement with Zero, it's no surprise that the EV-01 is well-equipped in terms of electronics, with an app-controlled system that allows selection between three riding modes, including custom settings with variable options for torque, power and energy recovery settings, etc. There's no information on price yet, but the EV-01's materials will turn out to be expensive. There is no information about the price yet, but from the materials used in the EV-01, the result will be a price tag. Energica Eva Ribelle Energica has been one of the pioneers in the field of electric motorcycles for the past few years and has presented at EICMA the most impressive technological developments to date. The Eva Ribelle is an all-new model that replaces the previous Eva street bike, as well as a huge improvement in range and performance. It is powered by a new 21.5kWh battery and a 145 hp electric motor that generates 158 lb-ft of torque, limits the top speed to 200km/h and allows the Ribelle to reach a range of 400km in urban use and will reach a distance of 230km in combined road conditions. Energica's other two models, the Ego sportbike and the retro-styled Eva EsseEsse9, also share the 21.5kW battery and are offered with the standard 13.4kWh pack, resulting in the Ego + and Eva EsseEsse9 +. On these models, the larger battery for 2020 means a 60% increase in range, with Energica claiming the same range as the Ribelle. At the same time, they get the same motor improvements that give the Ego + 158 pound-feet of torque and the EsseEsse9 + 148 pound-feet of torque. This new battery is claimed to be the largest capacity battery ever made in an electric motorcycle, but thanks to technological advances, the greater range doesn't mean it will weigh more. In fact the new battery is 5kg lighter than its predecessor. despite the larger battery, Energica is able to take advantage of the Level 2 fast charger, which can be fully charged in less than an hour. The battery can be fully charged to 80% in just 42 minutes. Among the five most popular electric motorcycles at the 2019 EICMA in Milan, probably the closest one to us is the Kwang Yang RevoNEX, but it's nice to see a brand from China among the world's top lineup.

After decades of suffering, motorcycles are finally "coming out"? Does the market need motorcycles? The answer is yes. According to data released by the China Motorcycle Chamber of Commerce, China's motorcycle production and sales will return to 20 million units again in 2021, the best level since 2014. To a certain extent, the growth path of electric motorcycles may be able to replicate that of electric cars. In recent years, electric vehicles are gradually eating into the fuel car market share. According to automotive industry data firm LMC Automotive, electric vehicles are expected to account for half of global vehicle sales in 2030. It is no coincidence that electric motorcycles also have some growth potential from replacing fuel motorcycles, which are bound to face transformation when environmental targets are used as the barrier to entry everywhere. In contrast, two-wheeled electric vehicles are not having a good time: at present, light two-wheeled electric vehicle manufacturers rely on subsidies to feed under the unfavorable conditions of the "motorcycle ban", and can only rely on technology "pie", and it is difficult to break through the core capabilities for a long time. In order to achieve leapfrog development, light two-wheeled electric vehicle manufacturers undoubtedly need to open up new development routes. According to a report by the China Research Institute of Industrial Research, the global market for motorcycles will show strong growth of 6.87% in 2021 due to the impact of the 2020 epidemic, and the market size is expected to grow from $298.58 billion in 2021 to $485.67 billion in 2028. According to the "2021-2027 Global and China Electric Motorcycle Market Status and Future Development Trends" report, the global electric motorcycle market is expected to reach $69.3 billion in 2026, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5 percent. The electric motorcycle industry is back in full swing, is it a flash in the pan or another blue ocean? With the motorcycle ban policy still unfriendly, where should electric motorcycles go? The industry revolution is happening The voice of the "return" of motorcycles has never stopped. What do motorcycles mean to consumers? With the development of social and economic development, people's perception of motorcycles has long been more than "commuting" and "cheap and useful". Today, as the "Generation Z" consumer power rises, motorcycles have become a new way of life. This change in lifestyle can often lead to a restructuring of the industry. However, despite the call for the return of motorcycles, the domestic market for large-displacement motorcycles is still not that optimistic, and consumer demand is still mainly focused on low-end products. Chen Can, head of the marketing department of Speedco, said that as far as the global motorcycle industry is concerned, the consumer market situation at home and abroad shows different development patterns. At present, it seems that more than 70% of the global two-wheeled vehicle market is concentrated in Southeast Asia and China, where the market demand for two-wheeled vehicles is large and small and medium-displacement models, mainly used as commuting tools, are favored by the public. Motorcycles are seen as "big toys" with strong recreational attributes. In 2021, China's motorcycle export sales reached 8.974.6 million units, up 26.57% year-on-year, and the export value was US$5.77 billion, up 41.62% year-on-year. Although the domestic and international motorcycle markets present two very different scenes, the desire of domestic consumers for heavy-duty motorcycle "big toys" is evident. This can be seen in the bright report card of electric motorcycle sales. According to data released by the China Motorcycle Chamber of Commerce, from January to December 2021, the industry completed motorcycle production and sales of 20.19.52 million units and 20.19.48 million units, an increase of 12.98 percent and 12.7 percent, respectively. Among them, the production and sales of electric motorcycles 395.89 million units and 394.28 million units, an increase of 3.65% and 3.43%. During the same period, the crossover production and sales of 9.09 million and 9.0974 million units, an increase of 18.76% and 18.68%; scooter production and sales of 6.471 million units and 6.4784 million units, an increase of 9.58% and 9.25%; bicycle production and sales of 2.2785 million units and 22.277 million units, an increase of 9% and 8.42%. From the proportion of sales of the three models, crossover bikes to 50.95 percent of the proportion in first place. Domestic electric motorcycle sales are encouraging, but also to a large extent by the impact of carbon neutral policy. In February 2021, the "Guidance of the State Council on Accelerating the Establishment of a Sound Economic System of Green, Low-Carbon and Circular Development" pointed out that a sound economic system of green, low-carbon and circular development should be established to ensure the achievement of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In this way, under the background of carbon neutrality, the motorcycle industry is undergoing a silent change, and heavy-duty electric motorcycles have become the new development trend. Under this trend, car companies that have already enjoyed the dividends of new energy electric vehicles have become more sensitive to smell. Today, the electric motorcycle track has also been flooded with seeds, and traditional car companies are one of the most active and enthusiastic candidates. The automotive industry has been the first to bear the brunt of the carbon neutrality target. Since then, new energy vehicles have become a must-have direction for auto manufacturing. However, industry transformation is not as simple as it seems when traditional car companies have to get rid of path dependence. New energy vehicle power battery and its components technology research and development is a "roadblock". Relevant industry sources said that for automotive companies, research and development required human and material resources and financial resources are a huge expenditure, but also need to seek new development to supplement the funding gap. And hundreds of billions of motorcycle racing track profits can be considerable, is not lost as a good breakthrough direction. In terms of cost, compared with motorcycles, cars need to purchase a large number of parts, airbags, glass, car systems, seats, etc., from the production costs alone, it is already far higher than motorcycles. Motorcycle field of spring power, motorcycle, car business as one Lifan technology, the two profit performance, is the best verification of the above point. The data of Huajing Industry Research Institute shows that the revenue of Chunfeng Power in 2020 is 4.5 billion yuan, with a gross profit margin of 29.3%. During the same period, Lifan Technology's financial report shows that the company's motorcycle and accessories business revenue of 2.56 billion yuan, revenue accounted for 71.3%, gross profit margin of 8.6%, is also a considerable profit, which is perhaps the most direct reason why car companies will enter the game. In fact, the layout of the electric car track is not a few car companies. Since 2021, Honda, Kawasaki, BMW and Ducati are gradually involved in electric motorcycles. Currently, domestic car companies such as Geely, Wuling and Link have all announced their entry into the motorcycle industry. Although the above-mentioned domestic car companies have not yet announced the production models, but the domestic environment and situation, perhaps the best choice for them is electric motorcycles. *** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) *** The "savior" of electric two-wheelers In fact, compared to domestic car companies, electric motorcycles are of greater significance to two-wheeled electric vehicle manufacturers. Industry data shows that China is the world's largest producer and consumer of electric two-wheeled vehicles, the national electric vehicle fleet has exceeded 350 million units, and the sales of electric vehicles will reach 47.6 million units in 2020, up 23% year-on-year, and the average sales of two-wheeled electric vehicles will reach 57 million units in the next three years. In recent years, the wild growth of electric two-wheeled vehicles has ended and clear macro and micro drivers have emerged. On the one hand, our government has set the target of "achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060" to actively respond to climate change, and carbon neutrality and new national standards have become the key macro factors driving the development of the electric two-wheeled vehicle industry. On the other hand, changes in the age level, geography and personalization of electric consumers are increasingly affecting the design and positioning of electric vehicles by brand manufacturers, especially the intelligent features and the design of the driving experience. In addition, in order to reduce road traffic accidents, air pollution and noise pollution, China started to implement the "motorcycle ban" since 1985, which also provides a natural barrier for the development of electric two-wheelers. In essence, the road for the development of electric two-wheeled vehicle manufacturers has been paved. But at present, it seems that the electric two-wheeled vehicle manufacturers are so well protected that they have been pampered for many years, resulting in their failure to make breakthroughs in key technologies so far. The company's main business is to promote the development of electric vehicles. Users activate the owner's app based on these two features, but because the content of the owner's app is lackluster and the interaction is complex, the learning cost for users increases. This leads to low usage rate for many users after activating the APP. In addition, some electric two-wheelers are now commercially available with digital car keys, so that owners can unlock the two-wheelers through smartphones or wearable devices and perform related operations on the vehicles, which greatly enhances the convenience of using the vehicles. However, there are security risks such as "deep entrance", "inconvenient operation" and "easy to be cracked and copied", so the car key function has not attracted more users. There is a big problem of popularization. In the long run, electric two-wheeled vehicles can not long-term development, the transformation is imperative, electric motorcycle is undoubtedly a new breakthrough. Still need to break the situation Throughout the whole situation, the motorcycle industry is replicating the wave of electrification in the automotive industry. At this stage, the electric motorcycle industry is still in its infancy, and the industry is looking forward to the existing electric motorcycle brands to run out of head enterprises like Tesla, and through the "catfish effect" to drive the transformation and upgrading of the industry. Electrification has eliminated the technological generation gap between Chinese and foreign motorcycle companies. In recent years, China has accumulated a great deal of intelligent network technology, which is undoubtedly a very important advantage for Chinese motorcycle companies in a market where technology is used as a discourse. The former giants, including Loncin and Lifan, who were dying or even strategically abandoned their motorcycle business long ago, are returning to motorcycles in the new wave of electrification, transforming and upgrading themselves from "traditional motorcycle manufacturers" to "electric motorcycle manufacturers". At the 2021 China Motorcycle Expo, Lifan launched four electric motorcycles and unveiled its new strategy of intelligent electrification of the motorcycle industry. Chongqing Zongshen, a relatively robust company, has already advanced its layout to achieve balanced development between electric motorcycles and traditional motorcycles. However, to become an electric motorcycle head manufacturer is not a quick fix, in fact, it will be a relatively long process. In Can Chen's view, breakthrough triboelectric technology and intelligence will be the starting point for electric motorcycle manufacturers in the competition. However, it seems that among the technical difficulties that electric motorcycle manufacturers need to break through, the core key is the battery system technology that can overcome specific scenarios, temperature and other application restrictions and high range. Can Chen said that fuel motorcycle consumers are obsessed with speed performance, and an advanced electric system is the key that will enable them to choose electric motorcycles. Car companies have long been plagued by the problem of higher battery costs, and the electric motorcycle industry is no exception. At present, China's two-wheeled electric vehicles are mainly divided into two kinds of lead-acid battery two-wheeled electric vehicles and lithium battery two-wheeled electric vehicles, the cost of the battery accounted for 30%-50% ranging. Due to the cheap price and high stability of lead-acid battery, it has been the main type of battery used in China's two-wheeled electric vehicles, but it is easy to cause pollution to the environment in the manufacturing process. In addition to the disadvantages of more expensive and less stable, lithium batteries have the advantages of low pollution, high energy density, long life and support for fast charging, prompting the government to actively promote the use of lithium batteries in the two-wheeled electric vehicle industry as an alternative to lead-acid batteries. For the current widespread problem of expensive electric vehicle battery cost, Can Chen said that in addition to the technological breakthroughs at the end of the supply chain to reduce the impact of international raw materials on the cost of battery cells, downstream host manufacturers must also jointly participate in the development of battery system technology to change the effective control rate and service life of the battery from the application side. It is understood that many electric motorcycle companies have already launched a wide range of cooperation with power battery manufacturers. Among them, Socor has already cooperated with Ningde Times to develop battery technology and more advanced battery control systems in order to reduce battery costs. In addition, the digital transformation of electric motorcycles is also the key to the urgent innovation of electric motorcycle manufacturers. As 4G/5G, IoT, distributed operating system, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud technology and other basic technologies mature, the car intelligence of electric two-wheelers also has more selective, and the industry has made many attempts to see many products equipped with, for example, Internet access capability, with basic voice interaction capabilities are brought to the market. At present, the domestic electric motorcycle intelligent technology is mainly applied in two aspects: safety and experience. From the experience point of view, the current main application of technology for self-balancing assisted driving, but due to the special attributes of motorcycle heavy experience, can be applied to the car's assisted driving function does not seem to be ideal in the two-wheeled electric motorcycle, the technology is currently in a conservative stage of promotion. Epilogue "The market needs stories, ups and downs to have highs and lows." When motorcycles encounter the electrification wave after their ups and downs, will they be as good as gold? The answer is still to be answered by the "newcomers" on the track. But for now, we have reason to believe that electric motorcycles will bring new growth to the motorcycle industry. We can expect that Chinese motorcycles will stand on the world stage with a new look and tell a new story.

Superpower chargers are handy, lightweight and robust. The housings are designed without vents to protect the chargers from dirt and grime. Wherever your journey may take you: With the 2A Compact Charger, 4A Standard Charger or the 6A Fast Charger, Superpower has developed three models that will charge your eBike quickly and reliably.

On the other hand, it means that the real wireless charging era is coming, electronic products, electric car industry, etc. will take wireless charging mode! 1. Wireless charging technology is becoming increasingly mature Wireless charging, also known as induction charging, non-contact induction charging, is the use of near-field induction, that is, inductive coupling, by the power supply device (charger) to transmit energy to the power device, the device uses the received energy to charge the battery, and at the same time for its own operation. The inductive coupling between the charger and the device that uses electricity transmits energy without wires between the two, so that both the charger and the device that uses electricity are free of exposed conductive contacts. Along with the development of science and technology, today's wireless charging technology is more mature, the application industry and the scene is more abundant, in smart phones, wearable devices, cars and other products can be about the figure of wireless charging. 2. Electric vehicles enter wireless charging mode We are familiar with the market about electric car brands began to gradually take the lead in the action of wireless charging mode. 2021 Yadi Technology Global Multiplication Strategy Summit, Yadi for the global premiere of electric car wireless charging system. With the official launch of G6S equipped with intelligent wireless charging technology, recreating a technical peak that other brands can hardly hope for, it also marks the official arrival of the industry's spaced charging era. The wireless charging technology with sixteen invention patents can increase the charging efficiency by 60%, and the wireless charging speed is better than the wired charging, which also greatly solves the pain point of inconvenient charging for the majority of urban users. The continuous emergence of wireless charging cases for electric vehicles, as well as some experts' imagination on the popularity of wireless charging technology, it is clear that the application process of wireless charging technology has taken another big step forward, deeply interpreting the spirit of pioneers and pioneers. As wireless charging technology makes breakthroughs and accelerates to full commercialization, not only the electric vehicle industry, but even the smartphone industry may phase out the use of chargers. 3. Wireless charging application advantages highlight Wireless charging technology is less affected by wind and weather than wired charging, which can make the electric vehicle charging with more intelligent and efficient, free and convenient, convenient and safe advantages. The biggest shortage of traditional chargers is that the complicated and messy charging line usually makes people confused, and may often face safety hazards such as aging wire fire, many people in fact want to get rid of the charging line. The advantages of wireless charging are therefore apparent. Wireless chargers offer a better experience in terms of safety, flexibility and versatility. Non-contact, one-to-many charging greatly reduces the safety hazards caused by poor contact due to frequent plugging and unplugging of data cables. With the maturity of wireless charging technology, the battery capacity problem of electric vehicles will be fully solved, the overall battery space of electric vehicles becomes smaller, and electric vehicles will undergo significant changes in configuration, especially electric motorcycles will usher in major development opportunities. There are more good-looking models and more brand-new configurations that can be fully expressed in the car. Therefore, from this trend, wireless charging technology is one of the major trends in the future, whether it is applied to cell phones or to electric vehicles is also a major trend, wireless charging technology must be the next new blue ocean!

Smart Battery Charger Market research report is the new statistical data source added by Research Cognizance. [Smart Battery Charger Market is growing at a High CAGR during the forecast period 2022-2029. The increasing interest of the individuals in this industry is that the major reason for the expansion of this market". Smart Battery Charger Market research is an intelligence report with meticulous efforts undertaken to study the right and valuable information. The data which has been looked upon is done considering both, the existing top players and the upcoming competitors. Business strategies of the key players and the new entering market industries are studied in detail. Well explained SWOT analysis, revenue share, and contact information are shared in this report analysis. The key questions answered in this report: What will be the Market Size and Growth Rate in the forecast year? What are the Key Factors driving Smart Battery Charger Market? What are the Risks and Challenges in front of the market? Who are the Key Vendors in Smart Battery Charger Market? What are the Trending Factors influencing the market shares? What are the Key Outcomes of Porter`s five forces model? Which are the Global Opportunities for Expanding the Smart Battery Charger Market? Various factors are responsible for the market`s growth trajectory, which are studied at length in the report. In addition, the report lists down the restraints that are posing threat to the global Smart Battery Charger market. It also gauges the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat from new entrants and product substitute, and the degree of competition prevailing in the market. The influence of the latest government guidelines is also analyzed in detail in the report. It studies the Smart Battery Charger market`s trajectory between forecast periods. Regions Covered in the Global Smart Battery Charger Market Report 2022: • The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt) • North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada) • South America (Brazil etc.) • Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) • Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia) The cost analysis of the Global Smart Battery Charger Market has been performed while keeping in view manufacturing expenses, labor cost, and raw materials and their market concentration rate, suppliers, and price trend. Other factors such as Supply chain, downstream buyers, and sourcing strategy have been assessed to provide a complete and in-depth view of the market. Buyers of the report will also be exposed to a study on market positioning with factors such as target client, brand strategy, and price strategy taken into consideration. The report provides insights on the following pointers: Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Smart Battery Charger market. Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market. Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market strategies, geographic and business segments of the leading players in the market. Market Development: Comprehensive information about emerging markets. This report analyzes the market for various segments across geographies. Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Smart Battery Charger market. Table of Content Global Smart Battery Charger Market Research Report Chapter 1: Global Smart Battery Charger Industry Overview Chapter 2: Global Economic Impact on Smart Battery Charger Industry Chapter 3: Global Market Competition by Industry Producers Chapter 4: Global Productions, Revenue (Value), according to regions Chapter 5: Global Supplies (Production), Consumption, Export, Import, geographically Chapter 6: Global Productions, Revenue (Value), Price Trend, Product Type Chapter 7: Global Market Analysis, on the basis of Application Chapter 8: Smart Battery Charger Market Pricing Analysis Chapter 9: Market Chain, Sourcing Strategy, and Downstream Buyers Chapter 10: Strategies and key policies by Distributors/Suppliers/Traders Chapter 11: Key Marketing Strategy Analysis, by Market Vendors Chapter 12: Market Effect Factors Analysis Chapter 13: Global Smart Battery Charger Market Forecast

New product, 2.2 KW charging inverter integrated machine.Support 48V/60V/72V/96V

Superpower smart BMS for home ESS, with LCD, 10A or 20A charge current limited board, with CAN, RS485 communication. The highly flexible battery management solution can be configured for most battery chemistries, modules and stack designs which can meet different requirements. Our high- and low-voltage BMS modules are designed for long-term reliability.

What is BMS? BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM), commonly known as battery nanny or battery housekeeper, is designed to intelligently manage and maintain each battery cell, prevent overcharging and overdischarging, prolong battery life, and monitor battery status. BMS Battery Management System Module BMS battery management system unit includes BMS battery management system, control module, display module, wireless communication module, electrical equipment, battery pack for powering electrical equipment and collection module for collecting battery information of battery pack, BMS battery management system is connected to wireless communication module and display module respectively through communication interface, the output end of said collection module is connected to the input end of BMS battery management system The output of said acquisition module is connected to the input of the BMS battery management system, the output of said BMS battery management system is connected to the input of the control module, said control module is connected to the battery pack and the electrical equipment, respectively, and the BMS battery management system is connected to the Server server side via the wireless communication module. Composition of BMS? The battery management system is closely integrated with the power battery of the electric vehicle. It detects the voltage, current and temperature of the battery in real time through sensors, and also performs leakage detection, thermal management, battery equalization management, alarm reminding, calculates the remaining capacity (SOC), discharge power, reports the degree of battery deterioration (SOH) and remaining capacity (SOC) status, and also based on the voltage and current and temperature of the battery It also controls the maximum output power with algorithms to obtain the maximum driving range, as well as charging with algorithms to control the charger for the best current, and communicates in real time with the vehicle master controller, motor controller, energy control system, and vehicle display system through the CAN bus interface. BMS mainly consists of BMU master controller, CSC slave controller, CSU equalization module, HVU high voltage controller, BTU battery status indication unit and GPS communication module, ranging from master-slave integrated architecture for electric tools, electric bicycle, electric forklift, intelligent robot, IOT smart home, light hybrid vehicle to master-slave separated electric vehicle (pure electric, plug-in hybrid), electric ships, etc., to three-tier architecture for energy storage systems. Battery Management System BMS Electrical Architecture BMS life cycle form BMS PCBA circuit board BMS installed in EV battery pack BMS installed in the power battery pack BMS in electric vehicles The application of battery management system (BMS) in electric vehicles can be traced back to the management of NiMH batteries in Toyota HEV models. Unlike managing lithium batteries due to their high consistency, safety, and low individual voltage (1.0~1.7V), the BMS for NiMH batteries usually does not require equalization functions, control contactors, or voltage acquisition for each cell (6 cells can be connected in series as a whole for voltage monitoring). Although the hardware function of NiMH battery BMS is relatively simple, the difficulty lies in how to estimate the SOC and how to control and adjust the charging and discharging intervals to avoid rapid battery decay due to the memory effect of NiMH batteries and the complex correspondence between extra-voltage characteristics and SOC. With the application of lithium battery technology, the power battery system has higher energy density, larger capacity and longer operation time, which also puts forward new requirements for the function of BMS. From the topological architecture BMS is divided into Centralized and Distributed according to different project requirements. Master-slave centralized and distributed architecture of BMS Centralized BMS Centralized BMS has the advantages of low cost, compact structure and high reliability, and is generally used in scenarios with low capacity, low total voltage and small battery system size, such as power tools, robots (handling robots, power robots), IOT smart home (sweeping robots, electric vacuum cleaners), electric forklifts, electric low-speed vehicles (electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric sightseeing cars, electric patrol cars, electric golf carts, etc.), and light hybrid vehicles. The BMS hardware of centralized architecture can be divided into high-voltage area and low-voltage area. The high-voltage area is responsible for single battery voltage collection, total system voltage collection, and insulation resistance monitoring. The low-voltage area includes the power supply circuit, CPU circuit, CAN communication circuit, control circuit, etc. As the passenger car power battery system continues to develop towards high capacity, high total voltage and large volume, the distributed architecture BMS is still mainly used in the plug-in hybrid and pure electric models. Distributed BMS The distributed BMS architecture can better realize the hierarchical management at module and system level (Pack). The CSC is responsible for voltage detection, temperature detection, equalization management (some of them are independent of the CSU unit) and corresponding diagnostic work; the HVU is responsible for monitoring the total battery voltage, total bus voltage and insulation resistance of the Pack (bus current can be collected by Hall sensors or shunt); and the CSC and HVU will send the analyzed data to the CSC and HVU. The HVU sends the analyzed data to the Battery Manangement Unit (BMU), which performs battery system BSE (Battery State Estimate) evaluation, electrical system state detection, contactor management, thermal management, operation management, charging management, diagnostic management, and management of internal and external communication networks. The system is designed to be able to manage the internal and external communication networks. Currently, distributed BMS architecture is commonly adopted by mainstream production EV models, such as BMW i3/i8/X1, Tesla Model S/X, GM Volt/Bolt, BYD Qin/Tang, Rongwei e550/e950/eRX5, etc. The advantage of distributed BMS architecture is that it can be efficiently configured according to different battery system designs in series and parallel, with shorter, more uniform and more reliable harness distance between BMS connections to batteries, and can also support larger battery system designs (e.g. MW-class energy storage systems). Another reason why distributed BMS has become a mainstream application solution is that it better meets the trend of power battery system module design. With the widespread application of power battery systems in the automotive field and the climbing scale of production, a unified standard battery Module is gradually on the agenda in the industry. If there is no standard module as the support for industrialization, the old electric vehicle models will encounter the embarrassing situation of no battery spare parts to replace after several years of use, and the retired power batteries from the automotive field will face the situation that they cannot be effectively utilized. The standardized Module needs to integrate some functions of the battery management system (single unit status acquisition and management) with the battery to achieve high space utilization, high reliability and high versatility. Therefore the slave control unit CSC has gradually become one of the indispensable key components in the standard Module. Core functions of BMS 1) Cell monitoring technology 1.Single cell voltage acquisition. 2.Single cell temperature acquisition. 3) Battery pack current detection. The accurate measurement of temperature is also quite important for the working status of the battery pack, including the temperature measurement of individual cells and the monitoring of the heat dissipation liquid temperature of the battery pack. This requires a reasonable setting of the location and number of temperature sensors used to form a good match with the BMS control module. The monitoring of the battery pack heat dissipation fluid temperature focuses on the fluid temperature of the inlet and outlet, and the selection of its monitoring accuracy is similar to that of a single battery. 2) SOC (state of charge) technology: simply put, how much electricity is left in the battery SOC is the most important parameter in the BMS, because everything else is based on SOC, so its accuracy and robustness (also called error correction capability) is extremely important. Without accurate SOC, no amount of protection functions can make the BMS work properly because the battery will be in a constant state of protection, not to mention extending the life of the battery. The higher the accuracy of SOC estimation precision, the higher the range of EV can be for the same capacity of battery. High precision SOC estimation can make the battery pack work with maximum performance. 3)Equalization technology Passive equalization generally adopts the resistive heat release method to release the "excess power" of high capacity battery to achieve the purpose of equalization, the circuit is simple and reliable, the cost is low, but the battery efficiency is also low. Active equalization transfers excess power to high-capacity cells when charging and to low-capacity cells when discharging, which can improve efficiency, but with higher cost, complex circuitry and low reliability. The need for passive equalization may decrease in the future as the consistency of the battery cells improves. Software core functions of BMS I) Measurement function. 1) Basic information measurement: battery voltage, current signal monitoring, battery pack temperature detection Battery management system has the most basic function is to measure the voltage, current and temperature of the battery cell, which is the basis of all battery management system top-level calculation and control logic. 2) insulation resistance detection: the battery management system requires insulation testing of the entire battery system and high-voltage system. 3) High voltage interlock detection (HVIL): used to confirm the integrity of the entire high-voltage system and to initiate safety measures when the integrity of the high-voltage system circuit is compromised. II) Estimation function 1)SOC and SOH estimation: the core and the most difficult part 2) Equalization: When there is an imbalance of SOC×capacity between single cells, it is adjusted by the equalization circuit. 3)Battery power limitation: The battery has a certain limitation on its input and output power at different SOC temperatures. III) Other functions 1)Relay control: including main +, main -, charging relay +, charging relay -, pre-charge relay 2)Thermal control 3)Communication function. 4)Fault diagnosis and alarm 5)Fault-tolerant operation BMS software architecture 1.High and low voltage management Generally, when the power is normally on, the VCU will wake up the BMS through the hard line or CAN signal 12V, after the BMS completes the self-test and enters standby, the VCU will send the high voltage command and the BMS will control the closing relay to complete the high voltage. When the power is down, VCU will send down high voltage command and then disconnect to wake up 12V, when the power is down, the gun can be charged by CP or A+ signal to wake up. 2.Charging management (1) Slow charging Slow charging is to charge the battery by AC charging pile (or 220V power supply) by converting AC to DC through vehicle charger, the specifications of charging pile are generally 16A, 32A and 64A, and it can also be charged by home power supply. BMS can be woken up by CC or CP signal, but it should be ensured that it can sleep normally after charging is finished. The AC charging process is relatively simple and can be developed in accordance with the detailed regulations of the national standard. (2) Fast charging Fast charging is to charge the battery by DC charging pile output DC, which can achieve 1C or even higher multiplier charging, generally 45min can charge 80% of power. Through the auxiliary power supply of the charging pile A + signal wake up, the national standard fast charging process is more complex, while there are two versions of 2011 and 2015, and charging pile manufacturers for the national standard process is not clear technical details of different understanding also to the vehicle charging adaptability caused great challenges, so fast charging adaptability is a key indicator to measure the performance of BMS products. 3.Estimation function (1) SOP (StateOfPower) is mainly through the temperature and SOC look-up table to get the current battery charge and discharge power available, VCU according to the power value sent to decide how to use the current vehicle. It is necessary to consider both the release of battery capacity and the protection of battery performance, such as partial power limitation before reaching the cut-off voltage, which of course will have a certain impact on the driving experience of the whole car. (2) SOH (StateOfHealth) mainly characterizes the current state of health of the battery, which is a value between 0-100%, and it is generally believed that the battery can no longer be used after it falls below 80%. Accurate SOH will improve the accuracy of estimation of other modules when the battery decays. (3) SOC (StateOfCharge) belongs to the core control algorithm of BMS, which characterizes the current remaining capacity state, mainly through the ATS integration method and EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm, and combined with correction strategies (such as open circuit voltage correction, full correction, end-of-charge correction, capacity correction under different temperatures and SOH, etc.). The ampere-time integration method is more reliable under the condition of ensuring the accuracy of current collection, but not robust, and must be combined with correction strategies due to the error accumulation, while the EKF is more robust, but the algorithm is more complex and difficult to implement. Domestic mainstream manufacturers can generally achieve accuracy of 6% or less at room temperature, the estimation at high and low temperatures and battery decay is the difficult point. (4) SOE (StateOfEnergy) algorithm domestic manufacturers are now developing not many, or use a more simple algorithm, look up the table to get the current state of the ratio of the remaining energy to the maximum available energy. This function is mainly used to estimate the remaining range. 4.Fault diagnosis For the different performance of the battery, distinguished into different fault levels, and in different fault levels BMS and VCU will take different measures to deal with the situation, warning, power limit or directly cut off the high voltage. Faults include data acquisition and reasonability faults, electrical faults (sensors and actuators), communication faults and battery status faults, etc. 5.Equalization control The equalization function is to eliminate the inconsistency of the battery unit generated in the process of battery use. According to the barrel short board effect, the worst performing unit reaches the cutoff condition first when charging and discharging, and the other units have some capacity not released, resulting in battery waste. The active equalization is the transfer of energy from more to fewer monomers, which does not cause energy loss, but the structure is complicated, the cost is high, and the requirements for electrical components are also high, relatively speaking, the passive equalization structure is simple and the cost is much lower, but the energy will be wasted in the form of heat, and the maximum equalization current is usually around 100mA. Nowadays, many domestic manufacturers use passive equalization to achieve a good equalization effect. BMS control method, as the central control idea of power battery, directly affects the service life of the power battery and the safe operation and performance of the electric vehicle. It has a significant impact on the range and determines the future of new energy vehicles. A good battery management system will greatly promote the development of new energy vehicles. *** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***